Subcellular locations 2021_02 results
Subcellular locations Results
| A band The appearance of the striated muscle is created by a pattern of alternating dark A bands and light I bands. A bands comprise thick filaments of myosin and proteins that bind myosin. They are bisected by the H zone, a paler region where the thick and the thin filaments do not overlap. The exact center of the A band is termed the M line. Category: Cellular component | |
| Acidocalcisome The acidocalcisome is an electron-dense acidic organelle which contains a matrix of pyrophosphate and polyphosphates with bound calcium and other cations. Its limiting membrane possesses a number of pumps and exchangers for the uptake and release of these elements. The acidocalcisome does not belong to the endocytic pathway and may represent a branch of the secretory pathway in trypanosomatids and apicomplexan parasites. The acidocalcisome is possibly involved in polyphosphate and cation storage and in adaptation of these microoganisms to environmental stress. Category: Cellular component | |
| Acidocalcisome lumen The acidocalcisome compartment bounded by the acidocalcisomal membrane. Category: Cellular component | |
| Acidocalcisome membrane The membrane of an acidocalcisome. Category: Cellular component | |
| Acrosome The acrosome is a large lysosome-like vesicle overlying the sperm nucleus. This spermatid specific organelle, derived from the Golgi during spermatogenesis, contains both unique acrosomal enzymes and common enzymes associated with lysosomes in somatic cells. Only sperm that have undergone the acrosome reaction can fuse with egg plasma membrane. The acrosome reaction is characterized by multiple fusions of the outer acrosomal membrane with the sperm cell membrane. Category: Cellular component | |
| Acrosome inner membrane The portion of the acrosomal membrane closely associated with the anterior region of the nuclear envelope. Category: Cellular component | |
| Acrosome lumen The lumen of the acrosome. Category: Cellular component | |
| Acrosome membrane The membrane of the acrosome. Category: Cellular component | |
| Acrosome outer membrane The portion of the acrosomal membrane just beneath the sperm cell membrane. Category: Cellular component | |
| Actin patch The actin patch is a highly dynamic actin structure in fungi required primarily for endocytosis but possibly also coupled to exocytosis. Actin patches are highly motile, they first assemble at sites of polarized cell growth and then move slowly and nondirectionally along the cell cortex. Category: Cellular component | |
| Adherens junction The adherens junction is an adhesion complex that localizes close to the apical membrane in epithelial cells. These junctions join the actin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane to form adhesive contacts between cells or between cells and extracellular matrix. AJs mediate both cell adhesion and signaling. Category: Cellular component | |
| Aleurone grain The aleurone grain (protein body), is a specialized dry vacuole where storage proteins accumulate in a stable form in seeds, usually in the endosperm. Cells containing aleurones form the aleurone layer. These act as a source of amino acids for various synthetic activities during germination, but also represent immensely important nutritional sources for humans and ruminants. In most seeds, the aleuron grains contain three morphologically distinct regions: the matrix, crystalloid, and globoid. Category: Cellular component | |
| Aleurone grain lumen The aleurone grain compartment bounded by the aleurone grain membrane. Category: Cellular component | |
| Aleurone grain membrane The membrane of an aleurone grain. Category: Cellular component | |
| Amyloplast The amyloplast is a colorless plant plastid that forms and stores starch. Amyloplasts are found in many tissues, particularly in storage tissues. They are found in both photosynthetic and parasitic plants, i.e. even in plants that are not capable of photosynthesis. Many amyloplast proteins are also expressed in photosynthetic tissue. Category: Cellular component | |
| Amyloplast inner membrane The inner membrane of an amyloplast. Category: Cellular component | |
| Amyloplast membrane The membrane surrounding the amyloplast. Also used when it is not clear in which amyloplast membrane a protein is found. Category: Cellular component | |
| Anammoxosome The anammoxosome is a large intracytoplasmic compartment bounded by a single bilayer, ladderane-lipid-containing membrane present in bacteria that perform anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). This organelle is the site of the anammox process, in which nitrite is used as the electron acceptor in the conversion of ammonium to dinitrogen (N2) gas and water. Anammox bacteria belong to the phylum Planctomycetes and are recognized as major players in the global nitrogen cycle. Category: Cellular component | |
| Anammoxosome membrane The membrane of the anammoxosome, a single bilayer membrane that contains unusual lipids, i.e. the so-called ladderane lipids, which appear to be unique for anammox bacteria. Category: Cellular component | |
| Apical cell membrane The fraction of the cell membrane at the apical end of the cell, which faces the outside world or the lumen of the cavity. Category: Cellular component | |
| Apical lamina In the sea urchin embryos the apical lamina is a fibrous meshwork that remains after removal of hyalin from the hyalin layer. Category: Cellular component | |
| Apicolateral cell membrane The fraction of the cell membrane at the apical end of the lateral plasma membrane of the cell. Category: Cellular component | |
| Apicoplast The apicoplast is a plastid found in some apicocomplexan parasites which is a non-photosynthetic plastid relict. Apicoplasts do not contain thylakoids; it is not yet clear if they contain internal membranes. Category: Cellular component | |
| Apoplast The apoplast is the "non-living" extracellular space that surrounds the symplast. It consists of cell walls and spaces between cells. Water and solutes can move freely in this framework, except at the endodermis in roots and stems where the apoplastic flow of ions is interrupted by the Casparian strip, forcing water to flow to symplast. Category: Cellular component | |
| Archaeal flagellum The flagellum of Archaea is a long hair-like cell surface appendage made of polymerized flagellin with an attached hook. This rotating structure with switches propels the cell through a liquid medium. The archaeal flagellum is distinct from its bacterial equivalent in terms of architecture, composition and mechanism of assembly. Thinner (10-15 nm) compared to the bacterial flagellum (18-24 nm), it is usually composed of several types of flagellins and is glycosylated. The archeal flagellum is considered as a type IV pilus-like structure. Category: Cellular component |
